Green Fintech: Sustainable Finance Applications Are Changing the Future of Responsible Banking

Key Takeaways:

• The global green fintech market is on track to hit $28.71 trillion by 2033, growing at a CAGR of 21.25%, making it one of the fastest-expanding intersections of finance and sustainability.
• Green fintech is not a rebrand of traditional fintech. It is built around ESG principles, carbon transparency, and sustainable investment infrastructure from the ground up.
• From AI-driven ESG risk tools and blockchain-backed green bonds to green home loan platforms and carbon footprint banking the applications are already live, scalable, and profitable.
• Regulatory programs like the FCA Green Fintech Challenge and global sandbox initiatives are accelerating the pace of green fintech innovation across both developed and developing economies.
• For businesses, the question is no longer whether to engage with green fintech, it is how fast they can build the capability before competitors do.

A few years ago, sustainability in finance meant publishing an annual ESG report and hoping investors noticed. That era is over. Today, green fintech companies are embedding environmental accountability directly into financial infrastructure not as a feature layer on top of existing products, but as the core logic underneath them. 

Banks are tracking carbon per transaction. Investors are getting real-time ESG scores. Mortgage lenders are pricing green home loans differently than conventional ones. And regulators are running formal sandbox programs specifically for sustainable fintech innovations.

The shift is measurable. The global Sustainable Fintech market was valued at USD 460.76 billion in 2026. By 2033, it is projected to reach $28.71 trillion. That is not a niche trend. That is a structural change in how capital flows.

Read more about the Fintech market via having a closer look at these trends, features and insights. 

Fintechs going green are not doing it out of goodwill alone. Consumer pressure, regulatory mandates, and investor expectations are converging at the same time and the companies that have built green finance into their product architecture are seeing better retention, stronger partnerships, and more favourable terms from ESG-focused institutional investors.

This blog covers what green fintech actually means, what makes certain platforms stand out, where the market is heading, which applications are gaining the most traction, which companies are worth watching, and where the real challenges still lie. Whether you are evaluating a green fintech partnership, planning a product build, or trying to understand where this space is going, this is the guide to start with.

Read More- How Fintech is Changing the Future of Traditional Banking?

What is green fintech?

Green fintech, at its simplest, is the use of financial technology to support environmental sustainability. But that definition undersells what is actually happening in the market.

The green fintech meaning goes beyond adding an eco-label to a mobile transfer app. It refers to financial platforms and infrastructure that are designed from the ground up to measure, reduce, or offset environmental impact. 

This includes everything from carbon tracking tools embedded in consumer banking apps, to blockchain systems that verify the legitimacy of green bonds, to AI models that assess climate-related financial risk in real time. Read some interesting insights on AI in Fintech.

The green fintech definition, as used by regulators and industry bodies, broadly covers three categories:

• Green financial services: Products like sustainable investment platforms, green mortgages, and ESG-screened lending that channel capital toward environmentally positive outcomes.
• Green enabling technologies: Tools that make existing financial activity more transparent, such as carbon footprint tracking APIs, ESG data analytics platforms, and RegTech solutions for sustainability compliance.
• Green financial infrastructure: The underlying systems blockchain ledgers, open banking APIs, decentralised finance protocols that make green financial services possible at scale.

What separates green fintechs from conventional fintech companies is not just product focus. It is how they measure success. A traditional payment platform measures transaction volume. 

A green fintech platform might measure that alongside carbon offset generated, ESG score improvement, or tonnes of CO2 avoided per million dollars deployed.

The term fintech green finance captures this dual mandate well financial performance and environmental performance, tracked together, reported together, and increasingly priced together by markets.

It is also worth noting that green finance and fintech are not the same thing. Green finance refers to the broader ecosystem of financial instruments, such as bonds, loans, equity, structured around environmental goals. 

Fintech and green finance intersect when technology is used to make those instruments more accessible, more transparent, or more efficient. That intersection is where the most interesting innovation is happening right now.

What Makes a Green Fintech Platform Unique? Key Features That Set It Apart

Not every fintech app development company that uses the colour green in its branding qualifies as a green fintech platform. The distinction matters especially for businesses and investors evaluating partners in this space.

So what actually separates a genuine green fintech platform from a company doing sustainability marketing? A few things stand out consistently.

ESG Integration at the Infrastructure Level

A green fintech platform does not add ESG reporting as a post-processing step. It integrates environmental, social, and governance metrics into the core data architecture. This means every transaction, loan, or investment processed through the platform carries an ESG footprint tracked, stored, and reported automatically.

Green check fintech systems, for example, verify whether a project or product meets predefined environmental criteria before it is approved for financing. This is not a manual audit process. It is automated compliance built into the approval workflow.

Carbon Tracking as a Native Feature

One of the clearest differentiators of a genuine green fintech platform is real-time carbon tracking. This means the platform can calculate the approximate carbon impact of a financial transaction whether it is a purchase, a loan disbursement, or an investment allocation using category-level emissions data and sometimes merchant-specific data.

Green key fintech platforms take this further, giving users actionable insight: this purchase generated X kg of CO2, here is how to offset it, here are greener alternatives.

Transparent Impact Reporting

Greenwashing is a genuine risk in this space. Platforms that qualify as authentic green fintech solutions provide verifiable, auditable impact data not just marketing claims. Blockchain-backed reporting, third-party ESG audits, and alignment with frameworks like TCFD or SFDR are the signals to look for.

The Green Dot Example

Green Dot Corporation’s investment in its fintech platform is a useful reference point for understanding what platform differentiation looks like in practice. Green Dot’s fintech platform launch was built around banking-as-a-service infrastructure, giving other companies the ability to embed financial products into their own ecosystems. What makes the Green Dot Corporation fintech platform unique is its modular architecture it allows partners to build green-oriented financial products on top of proven banking rails, without needing to build the compliance layer from scratch.

Green Dot’s investment in its fintech platform signals a broader trend: established financial institutions and fintech infrastructure providers are building platforms specifically designed to support the green economy not just adding green features to legacy systems.

Similarly, what makes the green to fintech platform unique in the broader market sense is the combination of regulatory alignment, impact measurement, and financial performance in a single product experience. The fintech company with a green colour palette might catch the eye, but the platform with green principles embedded in its risk models, reporting infrastructure, and product design is the one building long-term value.

Read More- AI in FinTech App Development: Use Cases, Challenges, and How to Get Started?

Green Fintech Market Size, Growth, Opportunity, & Investment Outlook

The green fintech market in 2026 is not a projection story anymore it is a live, measurable shift in where global capital is going. Here is what the data shows right now:

• The sustainable finance market stands at $15.06 trillion in 2026, up from $13.4 trillion in 2025, and is forecast to reach $26.93 trillion by 2031 at a CAGR of 12.34%.
• ESG FinTech is projected to attract $123.7 billion in investment in 2026 alone, with the green fintech market growing at a 22.4% annual rate through 2029.
• Fintech green bonds crossed $640.68 billion in 2026 and are on track to hit $1.45 trillion by 2035. Total outstanding green bonds surpassed $3 trillion for the first time in Q3 2025.
• Fintech green investment is shifting toward carbon accounting, ESG data infrastructure, and sustainability-linked lending, with fintech stocks’ green positioning now a measurable valuation factor for ESG-screened institutional portfolios.
• Green finance fintech energy efficiency is a $4.43 trillion market in 2026, projected to reach $10.23 trillion by 2035. Renewable energy leads at 35.19% of all green finance activity.
• Asia-Pacific is the fastest-growing region at a 21.45% CAGR, fuelled by sovereign green bond programs and fintech green finance expansion in developing countries across South and Southeast Asia.

Segment	2026 Value	2031/2035 Projection	CAGR
Sustainable Fintech (Overall)	$15.06 Trillion	$26.93 Trillion (2031) / $43.38 Trillion (2035)	12.34% (to 2031) / 19.13% (to 2035)
Green Bond Market	$640.68 Billion	$1.45 Trillion (2035)	9.51% (2026–2035)
RegTech (Sustainability)	$9.69 Trillion (ESG Finance)	$16.5 Trillion (2031)	11.24% (FinTech platforms: 16.74%)
DeFi (Sustainability Linked)	$4.43 Trillion (Green Finance)	High Growth	53.7% CAGR (2025–30)

Green Fintech Applications & Solutions: How they are changing Responsible Banking?

The gap between what green fintech promises and what it delivers has narrowed significantly. Across banking, investment, lending, and payments real applications are live, at scale, with measurable outcomes. Here is where the most meaningful change is happening.

1. Sustainable Investment Platforms

The earliest wave of green fintech applications focused on getting individual and institutional investors access to sustainable assets. Platforms like Trine connect retail investors with solar energy projects in emerging markets. Aspiration has built a full fossil-fuel-free banking experience, from spending accounts to investment products.

What has changed in recent years is the sophistication of the underlying infrastructure. AI-powered portfolio management now enables real-time ESG scoring, automated rebalancing based on impact thresholds, and transparent reporting on where money is actually going not just what category it claims to be in. For executives evaluating fintech green investment products, this level of transparency is no longer a bonus. It is a baseline expectation.

2. ESG RegTech Solutions

As sustainability disclosure requirements have intensified globally TCFD, SFDR, SEC climate rules, and India’s BRSR framework, the compliance burden on financial institutions globally has grown substantially. Green finance regulatory technology platforms address this directly.

Platforms like ESG Book and Sweep automate data collection across supply chains and investment portfolios, validate it against multiple reporting frameworks simultaneously, and generate compliant disclosures without requiring manual input at each reporting cycle. The RegTech market overall is projected to grow from USD 24.34 billion in 2025 to USD 112.10 billion by 2033, with sustainability compliance as one of the primary drivers.

For CTOs building or evaluating these systems, the key capability to look for is ERP integration the ability to pull sustainability data directly from existing enterprise systems rather than requiring separate data entry workflows.

3. Carbon Footprint Banking

One of the most consumer-facing green fintech applications is transaction-level carbon tracking. Banks and neobanks are embedding APIs that calculate the approximate carbon footprint of every purchase a customer makes mapping spending categories to emissions data and providing running totals alongside account balances.

Doconomy has partnered with Citibank Hong Kong to bring this capability to the Wealth360 platform. Cogo works with major UK banks to provide carbon tracking and offset recommendations directly within banking apps. 

Research shows that 40% of UK consumers want their bank to help them monitor their environmental footprint yet only 24% of financial institutions currently offer this capability. That gap is where greencheck fintech solutions are finding product-market fit.

4. AI-Driven ESG Risk Assessment

Climate-related financial risk is moving from a theoretical concern to a balance sheet reality. Flooding disrupts supply chains. Regulatory shifts strand assets. Transition risks repriced carbon-intensive businesses faster than traditional models anticipated. AI-driven ESG risk tools address this by ingesting vast datasets news feeds, satellite data, regulatory filings, supply chain disclosures and surfacing risk signals in real time.

RepRisk’s AI models identify ESG red flags across thousands of companies simultaneously, giving asset managers and banks early warning on reputational and regulatory exposure. For green fintech companies building in this space, machine learning models trained on climate and ESG data are becoming a core competitive differentiator.

5. Fintech Green Bonds and Digital Bond Platforms

Fintech green bonds represent the convergence of capital markets and sustainability technology. Traditional green bond issuance involves significant friction; legal structuring, verification, settlement, and ongoing impact reporting are all manual, time-consuming, and expensive. Blockchain changes this.

Digital green bond platforms use smart contracts to automate compliance verification, streamline settlement, and provide real-time tracking of how proceeds are used. This reduces issuance costs meaningfully and makes green bonds accessible to smaller issuers that previously could not justify the administrative overhead. Hong Kong’s US $1.29 billion digital green bond issuance in late 2025 set a benchmark for institutional adoption of this infrastructure.

6. Best Fintech Solutions for Green and Energy-Efficient Home Loans

Green home loan financing is one of the fastest-growing retail applications of sustainable fintech. The best fintech solutions for green home loans in 2026 combine automated property energy assessment, preferential rate calculators, and streamlined application workflows for properties that meet defined energy efficiency criteria.

The best fintech solutions for green or energy-efficient home loans go beyond just offering a lower rate. They help borrowers understand what improvements would qualify their property, model the financial return of those improvements, and connect them with contractors and certification bodies all within the same platform experience. GreenSky’s lending infrastructure in Atlanta is one of the better-known examples of this model, enabling home improvement financing specifically targeted at energy-efficiency upgrades at scale.

7. DeFi for Sustainable Finance

Decentralised finance for sustainability works on a simple premise: remove the intermediaries that add cost and friction to green capital allocation, and more money reaches the projects that need it. DeFi platforms use smart contracts to enable peer-to-peer lending, investment, and payments with full transparency on the blockchain.

Celo’s DeFi ecosystem has been used to fund renewable energy microloans in Africa, with blockchain providing the audit trail that institutional funders require. The global DeFi market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 68.2% between 2026 and 2033, with sustainability-linked protocols accounting for a growing share of that expansion.

8. Digital Wallets for Green Transactions

Digital wallets are becoming a meaningful touchpoint for sustainability in everyday finance. Bunq’s Green Card plants a tree for every purchase made directly tying consumer spending to environmental action. Other platforms are building carbon offset purchase flows directly into the wallet checkout experience.

With digital wallet transactions expected to exceed $33.5 trillion globally by 2030, the scale of impact if green features are embedded effectively is substantial. The design challenge is making the sustainability layer visible enough to be motivating without adding friction to the payment experience.

9. Sustainable Robo-Advisory

Automated investment platforms have been around for over a decade. What has changed is the sophistication of the ESG data layer underneath them. Sustainable robo-advisors now combine machine learning with real-time ESG data feeds to build and manage portfolios that are optimised simultaneously for financial return and environmental impact.

These platforms are particularly effective at attracting younger investor demographics that express strong preferences for values-aligned investing but often lack the portfolio size to access actively managed ESG funds. 

By automating ESG portfolio construction, sustainable robo-advisors democratise access to green finance in a way that traditional wealth management cannot match at low minimums.

10. Mobile Apps for Eco-Conscious Consumer Engagement

Consumer banking apps have become a primary interface for sustainability engagement. Gamification, earning points for green spending, unlocking rewards for hitting carbon reduction targets, and seeing your impact visualised month by month, turns passive financial behaviour into active environmental participation.

Klarna’s Conscious Shopping feature highlights eco-friendly products within the purchase journey. HSBC has piloted carbon footprint tracking features in its mobile app. 

The data is clear: mobile banking app downloads have grown 5.1% year over year, and apps that incorporate green features see better engagement metrics than those that do not.

Top Green Fintech Companies and Startups to Watch in 2026

The green fintech landscape has matured quickly. Alongside established players expanding their sustainability capabilities, a wave of green fintech startups has built purpose-native platforms that are gaining serious market traction. Here are the companies worth paying attention to.

Green Pier Fintech

Green Pier Fintech LLC operates at the intersection of private capital and sustainable infrastructure finance. The firm focuses on connecting institutional and accredited investors with green infrastructure projects that require patient capital a segment underserved by conventional private equity. 

Green Pier Fintech’s model is built on rigorous project-level ESG verification and transparent reporting, positioning it as a credible partner for investors who want impact alongside returns.

Green World Fintech Service Co. Ltd

Green World Fintech Service Co. Ltd, headquartered in Taipei City, is one of the more notable green fintech companies operating out of the Asia-Pacific region. Green World Fintech SE’s platform focuses on ESG-integrated financial services for businesses navigating the transition to sustainable operations. 

Green World Fintech Service’s approach combines regulatory compliance tools with green investment facilitation addressing both the reporting burden and the capital access challenge for mid-market businesses. The company is worth watching as ESG disclosure requirements tighten across the region.

Green Sky Fintech

GreenSky, based in Atlanta, built its lending infrastructure around home improvement financing but its real impact in the green fintech space comes from its energy efficiency focus. Green Sky Fintech Atlanta has processed billions of dollars in loans for solar installations, energy-efficient HVAC systems, insulation upgrades, and other home improvements that reduce household carbon footprints. Its model of point-of-sale financing, offered through contractor networks, reduces the activation energy required for homeowners to make green upgrades which is exactly the friction point that stalls adoption in the residential energy efficiency market.

Green Visor Capital

Green Visor Fintech is a venture capital firm specifically focused on early-stage fintech companies including a growing portfolio of green fintech startups. What distinguishes Green Visor Capital is its thesis-driven approach: the firm invests specifically in companies building infrastructure for the financial system of the future, which increasingly means sustainable, transparent, and digitally native. For founders building in the green fintech space, Green Visor is one of the investors that understands the technical and regulatory complexity of the market.

Future Bank Fintech Green

Future Bank’s green fintech positioning centres on bringing ESG-compliant banking infrastructure to markets where conventional green finance has limited reach. The platform targets both business and retail customers with green deposit products, carbon-aware lending, and sustainability reporting tools packaged for accessibility rather than institutional complexity.

Green Fintech Network

The Green Fintech Network is not a product company it is the connective tissue of the global green fintech ecosystem. It brings together startups, investors, regulators, and financial institutions working on sustainable fintech innovation, facilitating the kind of cross-sector collaboration that accelerates adoption. For anyone tracking green fintech news this week or wanting to stay current on green fintech events, the network is one of the most reliable sources of signal over noise.

Top-Rated Fintech Providers for Eco-Conscious and Green Startups

For green startups evaluating fintech partners, the criteria go beyond standard considerations like pricing and API quality. 

The top-rated fintech providers for eco-conscious and green startups also need to demonstrate their own ESG credentials, carbon-neutral operations, transparent impact reporting, and product infrastructure that supports rather than undermines the startup’s sustainability mission.

Providers that consistently rank highly for eco-conscious and green startups include those offering green banking-as-a-service infrastructure, ESG-ready payment processing, and compliance tooling that anticipates sustainability disclosure requirements rather than reacting to them.

Green Fintech : Challenges

Green fintech is growing fast but that does not mean it is growing smoothly. Several structural challenges are limiting the pace of adoption and, in some cases, undermining the credibility of the broader category. Understanding them is essential for any business making decisions in this space.

Greenwashing Risk

The most immediate credibility problem facing green fintech is greenwashing. As sustainable finance has become commercially attractive, the incentive to label financial products as green without the underlying substance has increased. 

Platforms that claim green credentials without independent verification, third-party ESG audits, or alignment with recognised frameworks are creating noise that makes it harder for genuinely green fintech companies to differentiate themselves.

The FCA has been active here. The FCA Green Fintech Challenge and the broader FCA Innovate green fintech challenge program were specifically designed to identify and support fintech companies building credible green financial products while establishing clearer standards for what those products need to demonstrate.

Regulatory Fragmentation

Green fintech operates across multiple jurisdictions, each with its own taxonomy for what qualifies as green, its own disclosure requirements, and its own enforcement priorities. 

A platform built for SFDR compliance in Europe faces a different regulatory environment in the US, a different one again in Southeast Asia. This fragmentation adds significant compliance overhead and slows international expansion.

The green fintech sandbox programs operated by regulators in several countries, including the UK’s FCA sandbox, Singapore’s MAS regulatory sandbox, and Hong Kong’s fintech regulatory sandbox, offer a pathway for companies to test cross-border green fintech solutions in controlled environments before full market launch. The green fintech catapult program and similar accelerator frameworks are also helping early-stage companies navigate this complexity.

Read More- Fintech App Development: Trends, Features, and Insights

Data Standardisation

ESG data is inconsistent across sources, methodologies, and reporting frequencies. A company’s Scope 3 emissions calculated by one data provider may differ materially from the figure calculated by another, using different assumptions and data sources. 

Until the underlying data infrastructure for ESG reporting is standardised, which is a years-long project involving regulators, standards bodies, and data providers, green fintech platforms will face fundamental limits on the accuracy of the impact claims they can make.

Access to Capital for Green Startups

Despite growing investor interest in green fintech, early-stage green fintech startups still face significant challenges accessing capital. 

The technical complexity of building ESG-compliant financial infrastructure, combined with longer sales cycles in regulated markets, means that green fintech startups often need more runway than conventional fintech companies before they reach commercial scale. 

The top-rated fintech providers for eco-conscious and green startups that have achieved scale have often benefited from patient capital from impact-focused investors, a pool that is growing but not yet large enough to match demand.

Challenge	What it Looks Like in Practice	What Forward-Looking Companies Are Doing
Greenwashing RIsk	Products labelled green without verifiable impact data	Third-party ESG audits, TCFD alignment, blockchain-backed reporting
Regulatory Fragmentation	Different taxonomies and disclosure rules across markets	Sandbox participation, modular compliance architecture
Data Standardisation	Inconsistent ESG metrics across data providers	Building proprietary data pipelines, partnering with certified ESG data providers
Capital Access	Longer sales cycles and higher build costs than conventional fintech	Impact-focused VC, development finance partnerships, and grant funding
Consumer Trust	Scepticism about green claims after high-profile greenwashing cases	Transparent impact dashboards, real-time reporting, and independent verification

How DianApps Helps Businesses Build Green Fintech Solutions That Deliver Real Impact?

As a mobile app development company, DianApps builds green fintech solutions with the ESG architecture, compliance depth, and impact reporting that investors and regulators actually require. Here is what we help businesses build:

• AI-driven ESG risk and impact assessment tools, integrated with your existing financial systems
• Blockchain-backed green bond and carbon credit platforms with tamper-proof audit trails
• Carbon footprint tracking APIs for consumer and business banking apps
• RegTech compliance systems for TCFD, SFDR, and regional sustainability disclosure requirements
• Sustainable investment platforms with real-time ESG scoring and green home loan financing tools

If you are planning a green fintech build, connect with our team to get the architecture right from the start.

FAQs

What makes a green fintech platform unique compared to traditional fintech? 

The defining features are ESG integration at the infrastructure level, native carbon tracking capabilities, verifiable impact reporting, and alignment with sustainability disclosure frameworks. What makes the Green Dot Corporation fintech platform unique, for example, is its modular banking-as-a-service architecture, which allows partners to build green-oriented financial products without building the entire compliance layer from scratch. More broadly, what makes a green fintech platform unique is the combination of financial performance measurement and environmental impact measurement in a single product experience.

What are the top green fintech companies to watch in 2026? 

Green Pier Fintech LLC, Green World Fintech Service Co. Ltd (Taipei), Green Sky Fintech Atlanta, Green Visor Fintech, Future Bank Fintech Green, and the Green Fintech Network are among the most notable names across different segments of the market. Beyond individual companies, the top-rated fintech providers for eco-conscious and green startups are those offering ESG-ready infrastructure and compliance tooling that anticipates regulatory requirements.

What are the best fintech solutions for green and energy-efficient home loans? 

The best fintech solutions for green home loans in 2026 combine automated energy assessment, preferential rate modelling for qualifying properties, and streamlined application workflows. The best fintech solutions for green or energy-efficient home loans also include advisory tools that help borrowers understand which improvements would qualify their property and model the long-term financial return of those upgrades.

What is the FCA Green Fintech Challenge? 

The FCA Green Fintech Challenge is a regulatory program run by the UK’s Financial Conduct Authority specifically to identify and support fintech companies developing credible green financial products and services. The FCA Innovate green fintech challenge provides selected companies with access to direct regulatory support, sandbox testing, and guidance on meeting FCA standards for green financial products. It is one of the most significant regulatory programs shaping standards in the green fintech space.

How does green fintech support energy efficiency in developing economies? 

Green finance fintech energy efficiency programs in developing economies work by reducing the cost and complexity of financing energy efficiency projects through digital infrastructure. Mobile-first platforms, automated underwriting, and blockchain-based impact tracking together make it viable to finance smaller projects that conventional banks would not engage with. Research on green finance fintech energy efficiency in developed and developing economies, including studies on platforms like ResearchGate and JSTOR shows consistent evidence that fintech-enabled financing increases uptake of energy efficiency improvements.

What is the green fintech catapult and sandbox? 

The green fintech catapult is an accelerator program supporting early-stage green fintech companies through funding, mentorship, and market access. The green fintech sandbox refers to regulatory testing environments like those operated by the FCA and other regulators where green fintech companies can test products with real users under regulatory supervision, before seeking full market authorisation. These programs are critical infrastructure for the green fintech ecosystem, helping companies navigate regulatory complexity without the full cost and risk of a direct market launch.

How is green fintech changing responsible banking? 

Green fintech is changing responsible banking by embedding environmental accountability into financial products at the infrastructure level not as an add-on. Carbon tracking in current accounts, ESG-screened lending, green bond issuance on blockchain, and sustainability-linked robo-advisory are all making it possible for banks to offer products that are measurably better for the environment, not just marketed as such.

What are the biggest challenges green fintech companies face today? 

The main challenges are greenwashing risk, regulatory fragmentation across jurisdictions, inconsistent ESG data standards, and capital access constraints for early-stage green fintech startups. The companies navigating these challenges most effectively are those building modular compliance architecture, using blockchain for tamper-proof impact reporting, and partnering with impact-focused investors who understand the longer commercialisation timelines in regulated green finance markets.